Examining into the history of the ancients and looking into the mode of life of the people of the world of today, it seems that one of the permanent necessities of the mankind has always been his adherence to the ethical norms. Such adherence to admirable ethical norms can play a vital role inpersonality-making of each individual and its existential equilibrium as well as the creation of a bondage between the people from all walks of life and the human societies. The scholars and Persian poets have always been mindful of the laudable ethics and of the correction of the ethical abnormalities. Many of them earned the title of 'philosopher'. Their recommendations about the praiseworthy ethics have mostly been manifested in the form of preaching and advice.Ameer Khosro is one of the poets whose works on ethical considerations carry due importance since not only his private life is endowed with special features but his poetry and works have also taken on abundantly such characteristics.He is one of the unique persons who had the privilege to enter the courts of kings quite in his prime youth and this affiliation to courts remained intact till last months of his life; and according to some narrative, he had turned to be a follower and wayfarer of “the path of truth” from his very childhood. He had devoted himself to the bondage of a perfect mentor and guru and had remained a loyal devotee to him till his last breath.The person of Ameer Khosro, thus, can be a symbol and model for such people who, despite their indispensable attachment to courts of kings, have always remained aloof of haughty and corrupt manners of courts, rather have had maintained this mystic and affectionate demeanour till their last breath and as such have established themselves as paragons for others.In addition, he pays substantial attention towards ethical issues in his works, particularly in his ‘mathnavis’ in which he exhorts praiseworthy and ideal conduct.In this regard, he has composed an enormous body of his verses in the form of preaching and advice.Since a major portion of the preaching is addressed to his children and naturally every human being wishes the most valuable things for his offsprings, as such one can find out the ideal ethics of the poet only by reading between the lines in these couplets. Because of this, the first half of this article deals with the investigation into Ameer Khosro's life, while the second half concerns itself about Ameer Khosro's advice in which he addresses his progeny.

Introduction: Academic faculty members need to emphasize ethical principles in order to improve higher education, with the understanding of this importance, the current research was conducted with the aim of designing the ethical model of academic faculty members in Iran's higher education. Material & Methods: This research is a type of qualitative study that uses foundational data theory. The participants, including experts and faculty members of the country's public universities, who were responsible for the promotion of academic members, were selected as key informants through a targeted sampling method of 45 people. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The reliability and validity of the data were obtained from the two methods of reviewing the participants and recoding by experts. Data were analyzed by open, central and selective coding. Results: The results showed that the moral model of faculty members in Iran's higher education is explained in 10 main categories and 27 subcategories. Major and core categories in the form of 6 dimensions of causal conditions including (individual factors, organizational factors), core (cultural-educational, educational ethics, research ethics, scientific-executive), background conditions (higher education policies, moral activism), intervening conditions (environmental factors), strategies (micro level-university, macro level-higher education) and consequences (individual and organizational) were elevated to a higher abstract level and finally the research paradigm model was presented. Conclusion: The regulations for the promotion of academic staff members in Iran require a detailed revision of the content with an ethical and qualitative approach in order to make the indicators of the promotion regulations efficient and effective.

Reviewing Zoroastrian teachings and his religious beliefs reveals a chance to represent a type of ethical discourse in the majesty of kingdom. The starting point of such an ethical discourse can be traced back in theological beliefs and ethical wisdom of this first Iranian theologian, so as in Zoroastrian theological teachings a set of obligatory principles is provided to relatively organize political and social signifiers based on a configuration of metaphysical disciplinary relationships of political authority. The departing point of such principles can be observed in his redefining pattern of “right” and “wrong” of kingship politics charter on the basis of an ideal archetype of ahuraian creation system and truth-like signified in illustrating the from and structure of Iranian ideal king for mundane governance. In the present article, an attempt has been made, through applying a brief analytical narration, to study and reanalyze the framework and components of this metaphorical sampling based on religious presuppositions, concepts and proposition of mazdaism. Such idea-concepts as ”ashah”, ”faithfulness” ”farrah“, ”justice”, ”function”, ”struggle” between good and evil” etc. Have been reviewed throughout the article. 

Introduction: Ethical leadership is leadership focused on appropriate behavior through respect for ethics and values, as well as the rights and dignity of others. Ethical leadership can add value to businesses by motivating employees and fulfilling company values. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the relationship between ethical leadership and cooperative social responsibility and the moral climate of the organization. Material & Methods: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this research included all employees of Management and Science University (MSU) in Malaysia. Among them, 200 people were selected as the research sample using a simple random sampling method. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed by structural equation modeling method. Results: The results of statistical analysis showed that ethical leadership has a direct and positive effect on cooperative social responsibility and ethical climate. Also, moral climate has a direct and positive effect on cooperative social responsibility. At the same time, ethical leadership has an indirect and positive effect on cooperative social responsibility through the mediation of ethical climate. Conclusion: Ethical leadership can affect their social responsibility by inspiring employees to motivate and align with the company's values. The results of this research showed that ethical leadership leads to greater employee satisfaction and collaborative responsibility and leads to the formation of an ethical atmosphere in the organization

Introduction: Arbitration has a contractual nature and is subject to the sovereignty of the will of the parties, but in some cases, the legislator imposed the referral of claims to arbitration on the will of the parties and caused the contractual nature of the arbitration clause to disappear or be limited. By doing this, he has placed the arbitration outside the will of the parties. This issue causes some moral conflicts in the discussion of compulsory arbitration. Therefore, this research has been done with the purpose of examining the position of compulsory arbitration in Iran's legal system and the ethical challenges in it with a descriptive-analytical approach. Material and Methods: The research was a review method, in order to achieve the goal of the research, in addition to electronic education books and virtual education in this field, articles related to the research keywords from 2004 to 2022 from the databases of Civilica, Magiran, Sid, Researchgate, Science direct, was reviewed Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that compulsory arbitration in Iran has ethical challenges in the field of implementation and interpretation, the most important of which is the issue of the right to action and judicial justice. In the context of ambiguities in mandatory arbitration, even if the method of arbitration becomes ambiguous, the arbitrator has the duty to find out the will of the legislator with the principles and rules of interpretation, which creates a moral conflict for the arbitrator.

Background: One of the important concerns of cyberspace policymakers is to provide indicators for designing a native model of social media content management. This model should be based on "legitimate" and "legitimate" ethics. In this article, the researcher, by studying the available sources, found that the common models of policy making in the country are not comprehensive enough for social media content politicization. Because in these models, some effective ethical indicators for model design are neglected. In this research, the requirements of using a native model for social media content policy-making and appropriate indicators for its design have been examined. Method: This research used a systematic review method on qualitative data. The community is all articles, researches, projects and research reports in Farsi and English regarding the design method of media policymaking and especially social media. Also, researches related to the design and analysis of public policy-making models in the period of 1386 to 1400 were considered. The researcher has coded the content of the sources to analyze the information. Results: The researcher examined 30 internal and external sources in a systematic way by observing the principles of entry and exit of sources. Among these sources, 11 cases were selected. The content of these resources was reviewed based on the research questions with the help of systematic review implementation rules. Conclusion: Among the existing approaches, Snellen's model of rationality was more comprehensive. According to this model, any policy-making approach must meet the requirements of economic, political, legal and professional rationality. Therefore, it seems that a native policy-making model for social media should pay attention to the requirements of rationality and seek to find the most benefit and the least cost from an ethical point of view

Introduction: This study evaluated the degree of micro leakage of Ideal Makoo and Tetric Flow composites using two dentin adhesives of Scotch Bond Multipurpose (SBMP) and Excite.Materials &Methods: 60 premolar teeth were divided in to four groups of 15. and class V cavity preparations were done in CEJ. Group 1 was rest orated with SBMP and Ideal Makoo, Group II with SBMP and Tetric Flow, Group III with Excite and Ideal Makoo, and Group IV with Excite and Tetric Flow. Stereomicroscope (X40) was used to evaluate and dye penetration in occlusal and gingival margins. Chi Square test, Pearson’s correlation test and Fishers exact test were used for data analysis (α= 0.05).Results: 1- The degree of leakage was not in correspondence to the type of composite.2- The degree of leakage was not in correspondence to the type of dentin adhesive.3- In four groups, the degree of leakage in gingival wall was significantly more than occlusal wall.Conclusion: Type of composite and dentin adhesive have no effect on degree of leakage. The important factor is the type of wall. It means that in class V restorations, gingival wall is always observed to have more micro leakage than occlusal wall.

Nurses and administrators can identify and implement mechanisms to manage, change, and improve the ethical climate in their workplace through an understanding and awareness of this concept as well as how it is perceived by everyone involved.This study aimed to compare the nurses’ perception of the actual and ideal organizational ethical climate in hospitals of Ahwaz Juondishapour University of Medical Sciences.This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted on 558 nurses working at 9 medical centers of Ahwaz Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences selected by systematic sampling. Data instrument consisted of 2 parts: 1) demographic characteristics, and 2) actual & ideal climate questionnaire based on the Farsi version of Olson’s ethical climate questionnaire, used to assess nurses’ perception of the hospital ethical climate in 5 categories (managers, colleagues, physicians, patients, and hospitals). Descriptive and inferential statistical tests, independent T-test and One-Way ANOVA were used to analyze the data.Results demonstrated a positive hospital ethical climate (mean=3.66), while the nurses’ perception of the ideal ethical climate was positive as well. A significant difference was found between the mean scores of the nurses’ perceptions of actual & ideal ethical climates (P<0.05). Results demonstrated a significant relationship between nurses’ work experience & organizational level, and their perceptions of the hospital ethical climate.A positive ethical climate exists in hospitals, although it is far from the ideal ethical climate, and therefore managers must maintain the actual ethical climate and at the same time implement strategies to improve their hospitals’ ethical climate.

Future and ideal are something problematic now more than every day before. In this frustrating fog occupying everywhere, all attempts have been assigned to individual needs, personal successes and close future. Collective ideal and far future have become secondary goals. In such conditions “, self”,will cut its ties from social context, will alienated from the society, from history and from itself and will tend to reification. What role university and academic training will play here? The specific question of this article is how each of the two approaches of natural sciences and human sciences will relate in this alienation? Social faculty of Tehran university has been selected as representative of human sciences and engineering faculty of Tehran university as representative of natural sciences. 15 students of each faculty were interviewed about their ideals, wishes and futures. According to the results, linear determinative scientific causal law dominated on natural sciences in engineering faculty will permeate to the world of human relations. In the sphere of these disciplines society is not an independent totality but just sum of the singular individuals. Ideal and future have seen as not more than just personal success. In contrast in the fluid and multi-paradigm world of human sciences, relation between individual and society will be understood as complicated, multilateral and dialectical. Personal success and collective ideal will be seen as interwoven,and ideal will not know as just personal success inside the status quo, but the will of the change in the status quo itself.